As time has passed, teenage suicide has become a much more significant health concern as the rates of adolescent suicide have risen over the past decade.
It is our duty as caregivers, guardians, and parents to be proactive in preventing such tragedies. The CDC has stated that suicide is the second leading cause of death among individuals from the ages of 10-24 years. We must be aware of the risk factors that are present and take steps to support their well-being and mental health.
Today we will discuss evidence-based means that parents can implement to decrease the risk of teenage suicide:
1) Foster Open Communication In Your Household:
a) Simply put, adolescents who feel connected to their parents are less likely to engage in risky behaviors (Especially suicidal ideation).
Effective communication in all regards is foundational to supporting their mental well-being. One must encourage non-judgmental and open discussions with their child about their challenges, feelings, and any other ideas that they may be facing. By listening attentively and validating their emotions and human experience, you foster the ability to grow a strong bond with them which will allow for a reduction in risky behavior (Sanders, 2019)
2) Be Mindful of Warning Signs:
a) This is one of the more important things on this, somewhat short, list. Even if one can develop a field of open and honest communication with their child, they may still not be aware of their true feelings. One should be aware of the early warning signs of depression and even suicide. This is not an extensive list by any means but look for sudden changes in mood, withdrawal from friends and other social activities, anhedonia (Loss of pleasure from activities they once thoroughly enjoyed), academic decline, depreciative
self-talk, and or harm. By staying vigilant, and catching the early signs of depression, one will be able to further assist their child before things progress to more significant levels of depression.
(National Institute of Mental Health, 2020)
3) Create a Supportive Environment & Promote Healthy Coping Mechanisms:
a) One should encourage activities that promote mindfulness as well as relaxation. Finding a creative outlet for your child to express their inner self, and exercise meditation are all wonderful examples of this and the possibilities are endless. Furthermore ensuring that your child gets enough sleep maintains a nutritional and balanced diet avoiding substance use are all factors that enable a reduction in potential risky Behavior.
Furthermore by being able to cultivate an environment in which your child feels safe and valued at home (whether it be by participating in the aforementioned activities, or otherwise) is extremely important as well. Strong family support as well as social connections in the form of friends and other authoritative influences have been shown to be protective factors against risky behavior in teenagers.
(Reinherz et al., 2019) & (Wasserman et al., 2021)
4) Seek Professional Help If/When Needed:
a) Simply put, dont hesitate to ask for help if you need it. Asking for it is a sign of strength and not weakness, Mental health professionals are trained to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health disorders in all spectrums of severity, and intervention has been shown (Whether it be therapy, medication or a combination) to reduce the chances of risky behavior in this age group; intervention is vital.
(American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2018)
As we have described above parents play a vital role in supporting teenagers’ mental health andreducing the risk of suicide. By employing the above we can further help teenagers navigate the challenges of adolescence with a more positive outlook.
References:
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2018). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with suicidal behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 57(10), 742-753
National Institute of Mental Health. (2020). Suicide in America: Frequently Asked Questions.
Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/suicide.shtml.
Reinherz, H. Z., Tanner, J. L., Berger, S. R., Beardslee, W. R., Fitzmaurice, G. M., & Goldman,
D. (2019). Adolescent suicidal ideation as predictive of psychopathology, suicidal behavior, and compromised functioning at age 30. American Journal of Psychiatry, 176(7), 548-555.
Sanders, J. (2019). Parent-child communication: A mediator of the relation between parent attachment and depression in adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(3), 803-814.
Wasserman, D., Apter, A., Feder, A., Hoven, C. W., Márquez, M., Olfson, M., … & Zalsman, G.
(2021). Suicidal Behavior in Children and Adolescents: Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Annual
Review of Clinical Psychology, 17, 277-293.
Submitted By:
Shardil Ahmad
4th Year Medical Student
St. George’s Medical School 2025
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